====== Circuits ====== ==== Basics ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ohms.txt|ohms.txt]] | Ohm's Law | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=resistors.txt|resistors.txt]] | Resistors | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cap.txt|cap.txt]] | Capacitor | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=induct.txt|induct.txt]] | Inductor | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=lrc.txt|lrc.txt]] | LRC Circuit | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=voltdivide.txt|voltdivide.txt]] | Voltage Divider | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=pot.txt|pot.txt]] | Potentiometer | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=potdivide.txt|potdivide.txt]] | Potentiometer Divider | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=thevenin.txt|thevenin.txt]] | Thevenin's Theorem | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=norton.txt|norton.txt]] | Norton's Theorem | ==== A/C Circuits ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=capac.txt|capac.txt]] | Capacitor | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=inductac.txt|inductac.txt]] | Inductor | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=capmultcaps.txt|capmultcaps.txt]] | Caps of Various Capacitances | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=capmultfreq.txt|capmultfreq.txt]] | Caps w/ Various Frequencies | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=indmultind.txt|indmultind.txt]] | Inductors of Various Inductances | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=indmultfreq.txt|indmultfreq.txt]] | Inductors w/ Various Frequencies | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=impedance.txt|impedance.txt]] | Impedances of Same Magnitude | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=res-series.txt|res-series.txt]] | Series Resonance | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=res-par.txt|res-par.txt]] | Parallel Resonance | ==== Passive Filters ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=filt-hipass.txt|filt-hipass.txt]] | High-Pass Filter (RC) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=filt-lopass.txt|filt-lopass.txt]] | Low-Pass Filter (RC) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=filt-hipass-l.txt|filt-hipass-l.txt]] | High-Pass Filter (RL) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=filt-lopass-l.txt|filt-lopass-l.txt]] | Low-Pass Filter (RL) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=bandpass.txt|bandpass.txt]] | Band-pass Filter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=bandnoise.txt|bandnoise.txt]] | Band-pass w/ Noise | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=notch.txt|notch.txt]] | Notch Filter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=twint.txt|twint.txt]] | Twin-T Filter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=crossover.txt|crossover.txt]] | Crossover | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=butter10lo.txt|butter10lo.txt]] | Butterworth Low-Pass (10 pole) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=butter10hi.txt|butter10hi.txt]] | Butterworth High-Pass (10 pole) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=butter10loaud.txt|butter10loaud.txt]] | Butterworth Low-Pass w/ Noise | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=butter10hiaud.txt|butter10hiaud.txt]] | Butterworth High-Pass w/ Noise | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=butterbandstop.txt|butterbandstop.txt]] | Butterworth Band-Stop | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=besselbutter.txt|besselbutter.txt]] | Bessel vs Butterworth | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ringing.txt|ringing.txt]] | Band-pass with Ringing | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=comb.txt|comb.txt]] | Comb Filter | ==== Other Passive Circuits ==== === Series/Parallel === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=indseries.txt|indseries.txt]] | Inductors in Series | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=indpar.txt|indpar.txt]] | Inductors in Parallel | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=capseries.txt|capseries.txt]] | Caps in Series | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cappar.txt|cappar.txt]] | Caps in Parallel | === Transformers === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=transformer.txt|transformer.txt]] | Transformer | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=transformerdc.txt|transformerdc.txt]] | Transformer w/ DC | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=transformerup.txt|transformerup.txt]] | Step-Up Transformer | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=transformerdown.txt|transformerdown.txt]] | Step-Down Transformer | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=longdist.txt|longdist.txt]] | Long-Distance Power Transmission | === Relays === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=relay.txt|relay.txt]] | Relay | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=relayand.txt|relayand.txt]] | Relay AND | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=relayor.txt|relayor.txt]] | Relay OR | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=relayxor.txt|relayxor.txt]] | Relay XOR | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=relaymux.txt|relaymux.txt]] | Relay Mux | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=relayff.txt|relayff.txt]] | Relay Flip-Flop | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=relaytff.txt|relaytff.txt]] | Relay Toggle Flip-Flop | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=relayosc.txt|relayosc.txt]] | Relay Oscillator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=relayctr.txt|relayctr.txt]] | Relay Counter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=3way.txt|3way.txt]] | 3-Way Light Switches | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=4way.txt|4way.txt]] | 3- and 4-Way Light Switches | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=diff.txt|diff.txt]] | Differentiator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=wheatstone.txt|wheatstone.txt]] | Wheatstone Bridge | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=lrc-critical.txt|lrc-critical.txt]] | Critically Damped LRC | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=currentsrcelm.txt|currentsrcelm.txt]] | Current Source | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=inductkick.txt|inductkick.txt]] | Inductive Kickback | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=inductkick-snub.txt|inductkick-snub.txt]] | Blocking Inductive Kickback | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=powerfactor1.txt|powerfactor1.txt]] | Power Factor | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=powerfactor2.txt|powerfactor2.txt]] | Power Factor Correction | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=grid.txt|grid.txt]] | Resistor Grid | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=grid2.txt|grid2.txt]] | Resistor Grid 2 | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cube.txt|cube.txt]] | Resistor Cube | === Coupled LC's === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=coupled1.txt|coupled1.txt]] | LC Modes (2) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=coupled2.txt|coupled2.txt]] | Weak Coupling | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=coupled3.txt|coupled3.txt]] | LC Modes (3) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ladder.txt|ladder.txt]] | LC Ladder | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=phaseseq.txt|phaseseq.txt]] | Phase-Sequence Network | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=lissa.txt|lissa.txt]] | Lissajous Figures | ==== Diodes ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=diodevar.txt|diodevar.txt]] | Diode | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=diodecurve.txt|diodecurve.txt]] | Diode I/V Curve | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=rectify.txt|rectify.txt]] | Half-Wave Rectifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=fullrect.txt|fullrect.txt]] | Full-Wave Rectifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=fullrectf.txt|fullrectf.txt]] | Full-Wave Rectifier w/ Filter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=diodelimit.txt|diodelimit.txt]] | Diode Limiter | === Zener Diodes === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=zeneriv.txt|zeneriv.txt]] | I/V Curve | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=zenerref.txt|zenerref.txt]] | Voltage Reference | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=zenerreffollow.txt|zenerreffollow.txt]] | Voltage Reference w/ Follower | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=dcrestoration.txt|dcrestoration.txt]] | DC Restoration | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=inductkick-block.txt|inductkick-block.txt]] | Blocking Inductive Kickback | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=spikegen.txt|spikegen.txt]] | Spike Generator | === Voltage Multipliers === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=voltdouble.txt|voltdouble.txt]] | Voltage Doubler | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=voltdouble2.txt|voltdouble2.txt]] | Voltage Doubler 2 | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=volttriple.txt|volttriple.txt]] | Voltage Tripler | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=voltquad.txt|voltquad.txt]] | Voltage Quadrupler | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=amdetect.txt|amdetect.txt]] | AM Detector | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=diodeclip.txt|diodeclip.txt]] | Waveform Clipper | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=sinediode.txt|sinediode.txt]] | Triangle-to-Sine Converter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ringmod.txt|ringmod.txt]] | Ring Modulator | ==== Op-Amps ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=opamp.txt|opamp.txt]] | Op-Amp | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=opampfeedback.txt|opampfeedback.txt]] | Op-Amp Feedback | === Amplifiers === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=amp-invert.txt|amp-invert.txt]] | Inverting Amplifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=amp-noninvert.txt|amp-noninvert.txt]] | Noninverting Amplifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=amp-follower.txt|amp-follower.txt]] | Follower | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=amp-diff.txt|amp-diff.txt]] | Differential Amplifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=amp-sum.txt|amp-sum.txt]] | Summing Amplifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=logconvert.txt|logconvert.txt]] | Log Amplifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=classd.txt|classd.txt]] | Class-D Amplifier | === Oscillators === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=relaxosc.txt|relaxosc.txt]] | Relaxation Oscillator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=phaseshiftosc.txt|phaseshiftosc.txt]] | Phase-Shift Oscillator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=triangle.txt|triangle.txt]] | Triangle Wave Generator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=sine.txt|sine.txt]] | Sine Wave Generator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=sawtooth.txt|sawtooth.txt]] | Sawtooth Wave Generator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=vco.txt|vco.txt]] | Voltage-Controlled Oscillator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=trianglevco.txt|trianglevco.txt]] | Triangle VCO | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=amp-rect.txt|amp-rect.txt]] | Half-Wave Rectifier (inverting) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=amp-fullrect.txt|amp-fullrect.txt]] | Full-Wave Rectifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=peak-detect.txt|peak-detect.txt]] | Peak Detector | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=amp-integ.txt|amp-integ.txt]] | Integrator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=amp-dfdx.txt|amp-dfdx.txt]] | Differentiator (inverting) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=amp-schmitt.txt|amp-schmitt.txt]] | Schmitt Trigger | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=nic-r.txt|nic-r.txt]] | Negative Impedance Converter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=gyrator.txt|gyrator.txt]] | Gyrator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=capmult.txt|capmult.txt]] | Capacitance Multiplier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=howland.txt|howland.txt]] | Howland Current Source | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=itov.txt|itov.txt]] | I-to-V Converter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=delta-pwm.txt|delta-pwm.txt]] | Delta PWM Encoder | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=opamp-regulator.txt|opamp-regulator.txt]] | Voltage Regulator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=opint.txt|opint.txt]] | 741 Internals | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=opint-invert-amp.txt|opint-invert-amp.txt]] | 741 (inverting amplifier) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=opint-slew.txt|opint-slew.txt]] | 741 Slew Rate | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=opint-current.txt|opint-current.txt]] | 741 Current Limits | === Chaotic Circuits === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=rossler.txt|rossler.txt]] | Rossler | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=vilnius.txt|vilnius.txt]] | Vilnius | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=chua.txt|chua.txt]] | Chua | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=chaos1.txt|chaos1.txt]] | Chaos 1 | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=chaos2.txt|chaos2.txt]] | Chaos 2 | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=jerk.txt|jerk.txt]] | Jerk | ==== Transistors ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=npn.txt|npn.txt]] | NPN Transistor | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=pnp.txt|pnp.txt]] | PNP Transistor | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=transswitch.txt|transswitch.txt]] | Switch | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=follower.txt|follower.txt]] | Emitter Follower | === Multivibrators === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=multivib-a.txt|multivib-a.txt]] | Astable Multivib | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=multivib-bi.txt|multivib-bi.txt]] | Bistable Multivib (Flip-Flop) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=multivib-mono.txt|multivib-mono.txt]] | Monostable Multivib (One-Shot) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ceamp.txt|ceamp.txt]] | Common-Emitter Amplifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=phasesplit.txt|phasesplit.txt]] | Unity-Gain Phase Splitter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=schmitt.txt|schmitt.txt]] | Schmitt Trigger | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=currentsrc.txt|currentsrc.txt]] | Current Source | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=currentsrcramp.txt|currentsrcramp.txt]] | Current Source Ramp | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mirror.txt|mirror.txt]] | Current Mirror | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=darlington.txt|darlington.txt]] | Darlington Pair | === Differential Amplifiers === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=trans-diffamp.txt|trans-diffamp.txt]] | Differential Input | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=trans-diffamp-common.txt|trans-diffamp-common.txt]] | Common-Mode Input | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=trans-diffamp-cursrc.txt|trans-diffamp-cursrc.txt]] | Common-Mode w/Current Source | === Push-Pull Follower === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=pushpullxover.txt|pushpullxover.txt]] | Simple, with distortion | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=pushpull.txt|pushpull.txt]] | Improved | === Oscillators === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=colpitts.txt|colpitts.txt]] | Colpitts Oscillator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=hartley.txt|hartley.txt]] | Hartley Oscillator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=eclosc.txt|eclosc.txt]] | Emitter-Coupled LC Oscillator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=crystalosc2.txt|crystalosc2.txt]] | Crystal Oscillator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=gilbertcell.txt|gilbertcell.txt]] | Gilbert Cell Multiplier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=rmsconverter.txt|rmsconverter.txt]] | True RMS Converter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=joule-thief.txt|joule-thief.txt]] | Joule Thief | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=transrectifier.txt|transrectifier.txt]] | Full-Wave Rectifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=early.txt|early.txt]] | Early Effect | ==== MOSFETs ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=nmosfet.txt|nmosfet.txt]] | n-MOSFET | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=pmosfet.txt|pmosfet.txt]] | p-MOSFET | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mosswitch.txt|mosswitch.txt]] | Switch | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mosfollower.txt|mosfollower.txt]] | Source Follower | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=moscurrentsrc.txt|moscurrentsrc.txt]] | Current Source | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=moscurrentramp.txt|moscurrentramp.txt]] | Current Ramp | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mosmirror.txt|mosmirror.txt]] | Current Mirror | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mosfetamp.txt|mosfetamp.txt]] | Common-Source Amplifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cmosinverter.txt|cmosinverter.txt]] | CMOS Inverter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cmosinvertercap.txt|cmosinvertercap.txt]] | CMOS Inverter (w/capacitance) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cmosinverterslow.txt|cmosinverterslow.txt]] | CMOS Inverter (slow transition) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cmostransgate.txt|cmostransgate.txt]] | CMOS Transmission Gate | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mux.txt|mux.txt]] | CMOS Multiplexer | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=samplenhold.txt|samplenhold.txt]] | Sample-and-Hold | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=delayrc.txt|delayrc.txt]] | Delayed Buffer | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=leadingedge.txt|leadingedge.txt]] | Leading-Edge Detector | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=switchfilter.txt|switchfilter.txt]] | Switchable Filter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=voltinvert.txt|voltinvert.txt]] | Voltage Inverter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=invertamp.txt|invertamp.txt]] | Inverter Amplifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=inv-osc.txt|inv-osc.txt]] | Inverter Oscillator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=crystalosc.txt|crystalosc.txt]] | CMOS Crystal Oscillator | ==== 555 Timer Chip ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=555square.txt|555square.txt]] | Square Wave Generator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=555int.txt|555int.txt]] | Internals | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=555saw.txt|555saw.txt]] | Sawtooth Oscillator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=555lowduty.txt|555lowduty.txt]] | Low-duty-cycle Oscillator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=555monostable.txt|555monostable.txt]] | Monostable Multivibrator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=555pulsemod.txt|555pulsemod.txt]] | Pulse Width Modulator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=555sequencer.txt|555sequencer.txt]] | Pulse Sequencer | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=555schmitt.txt|555schmitt.txt]] | Schmitt Trigger (inverting) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=555missing.txt|555missing.txt]] | Missing Pulse Detector | ==== Active Filters ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=filt-vcvs-lopass.txt|filt-vcvs-lopass.txt]] | VCVS Low-Pass Filter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=filt-vcvs-hipass.txt|filt-vcvs-hipass.txt]] | VCVS High-Pass Filter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=switchedcap.txt|switchedcap.txt]] | Switched-Capacitor Filter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=allpass1.txt|allpass1.txt]] | Allpass | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=allpass2.txt|allpass2.txt]] | Allpass w/ Square | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=actbutterlo.txt|actbutterlo.txt]] | Butterworth Low-Pass | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=actbutterhi.txt|actbutterhi.txt]] | Butterworth High-Pass | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=actbutterband.txt|actbutterband.txt]] | Butterworth Band-Pass | ==== Logic Families ==== === RTL === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=rtlinverter.txt|rtlinverter.txt]] | RTL Inverter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=rtlnor.txt|rtlnor.txt]] | RTL NOR | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=rtlnand.txt|rtlnand.txt]] | RTL NAND | === DTL === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=dtlinverter.txt|dtlinverter.txt]] | DTL Inverter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=dtlnand.txt|dtlnand.txt]] | DTL NAND | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=dtlnor.txt|dtlnor.txt]] | DTL NOR | === TTL === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ttlinverter.txt|ttlinverter.txt]] | TTL Inverter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ttlnand.txt|ttlnand.txt]] | TTL NAND | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ttlnor.txt|ttlnor.txt]] | TTL NOR | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=fanout.txt|fanout.txt]] | Fan-Out | === NMOS === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=nmosinverter.txt|nmosinverter.txt]] | NMOS Inverter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=nmosinverter2.txt|nmosinverter2.txt]] | Inverter with only MOSFETs | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=nmosinverter3.txt|nmosinverter3.txt]] | Depletion-load NMOS Inverter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=nmosnand.txt|nmosnand.txt]] | NMOS NAND | === CMOS === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cmosinverter.txt|cmosinverter.txt]] | CMOS Inverter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cmosnand.txt|cmosnand.txt]] | CMOS NAND | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cmosnor.txt|cmosnor.txt]] | CMOS NOR | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cmosxor.txt|cmosxor.txt]] | CMOS XOR | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cmosff.txt|cmosff.txt]] | CMOS Flip-Flop | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cmosmsff.txt|cmosmsff.txt]] | CMOS Master-Slave Flip-Flop | === ECL === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=eclnor.txt|eclnor.txt]] | ECL NOR/OR | === Ternary === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=3-cgand.txt|3-cgand.txt]] | CGAND | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=3-cgor.txt|3-cgor.txt]] | CGOR | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=3-invert.txt|3-invert.txt]] | Complement (F210) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=3-f211.txt|3-f211.txt]] | F211 | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=3-f220.txt|3-f220.txt]] | F220 | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=3-f221.txt|3-f221.txt]] | F221 | ==== Combinational Logic ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=xor.txt|xor.txt]] | Exclusive OR | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=halfadd.txt|halfadd.txt]] | Half Adder | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=fulladd.txt|fulladd.txt]] | Full Adder | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=decoder.txt|decoder.txt]] | 1-of-4 Decoder | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=priencoder.txt|priencoder.txt]] | Priority Encoder | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mux3state.txt|mux3state.txt]] | 2-to-1 Mux | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=majority.txt|majority.txt]] | Majority Logic | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=digcompare.txt|digcompare.txt]] | 2-Bit Comparator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=7segdecoder.txt|7segdecoder.txt]] | 7-Segment LED Decoder | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=brentkung.txt|brentkung.txt]] | Brent-Kung Adder | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=alu74181.txt|alu74181.txt]] | 74181 ALU | ==== Sequential Logic ==== === Flip-Flops === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=nandff.txt|nandff.txt]] | SR Flip-Flop | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=clockedsrff.txt|clockedsrff.txt]] | Clocked SR Flip-Flop | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=masterslaveff.txt|masterslaveff.txt]] | Master-Slave Flip-Flop | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=edgedff.txt|edgedff.txt]] | Edge-Triggered D Flip-Flop | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=jkff.txt|jkff.txt]] | JK Flip-Flop | === Counters === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=counter.txt|counter.txt]] | 4-Bit Ripple Counter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=counter8.txt|counter8.txt]] | 8-Bit Ripple Counter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=synccounter.txt|synccounter.txt]] | Synchronous Counter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=updownctr.txt|updownctr.txt]] | Up/Down Counter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=deccounter.txt|deccounter.txt]] | Decimal Counter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=graycode.txt|graycode.txt]] | Gray Code Counter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=johnsonctr.txt|johnsonctr.txt]] | Johnson Counter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ringcascade.txt|ringcascade.txt]] | Cascading Ring Counters | === Shift Registers === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=sipo-sr.txt|sipo-sr.txt]] | Serial-In Parallel-Out | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=piso-sr.txt|piso-sr.txt]] | Parallel-In Serial-Out | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=unishiftreg.txt|unishiftreg.txt]] | Universal | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=divideby2.txt|divideby2.txt]] | Divide-by-2 | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=divideby3.txt|divideby3.txt]] | Divide-by-3 | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ledflasher.txt|ledflasher.txt]] | LED Flasher | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=traffic.txt|traffic.txt]] | Traffic Light | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=sram.txt|sram.txt]] | Static RAM | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=dram.txt|dram.txt]] | Dynamic RAM | ==== Analog/Digital ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=flashadc.txt|flashadc.txt]] | Flash ADC | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=deltasigma.txt|deltasigma.txt]] | Delta-Sigma ADC | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=hfadc.txt|hfadc.txt]] | Half-Flash (Subranging) ADC | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=dac.txt|dac.txt]] | Binary-Weighted DAC | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=r2rladder.txt|r2rladder.txt]] | R-2R Ladder DAC | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=swtreedac.txt|swtreedac.txt]] | Switch-Tree DAC | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=digsine.txt|digsine.txt]] | Digital Sine Wave | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=qam-256.txt|qam-256.txt]] | QAM-256 Modulator/Demodulator | ==== Power Converters ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=conv-boost.txt|conv-boost.txt]] | Boost Converter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=conv-buck.txt|conv-buck.txt]] | Buck Converter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=conv-buckboost.txt|conv-buckboost.txt]] | Buck-Boost Converter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=conv-cuk.txt|conv-cuk.txt]] | Ćuk Converter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=conv-sepic.txt|conv-sepic.txt]] | SEPIC Converter | ==== Phase-Locked Loops ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=xorphasedet.txt|xorphasedet.txt]] | XOR Phase Detector | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=pll.txt|pll.txt]] | Type I PLL | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=phasecomp.txt|phasecomp.txt]] | Phase Comparator (Type II) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=phasecompint.txt|phasecompint.txt]] | Phase Comparator Internals | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=pll2.txt|pll2.txt]] | Type II PLL | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=pll2a.txt|pll2a.txt]] | Type II PLL (fast) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=freqdouble.txt|freqdouble.txt]] | Frequency Doubler | ==== Transmission Lines ==== | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tl.txt|tl.txt]] | Simple TL | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tlstand.txt|tlstand.txt]] | Standing Wave | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tlterm.txt|tlterm.txt]] | Termination | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tlmismatch.txt|tlmismatch.txt]] | Mismatched lines (Pulse) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tlmis1.txt|tlmis1.txt]] | Mismatched lines (Standing Wave) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tlmatch1.txt|tlmatch1.txt]] | Impedance Matching (L-Section) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tlmatch2.txt|tlmatch2.txt]] | Impedance Matching (Shunt Stub) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tlfreq.txt|tlfreq.txt]] | Stub Frequency Response | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tllopass.txt|tllopass.txt]] | Low-Pass Filter | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tllight.txt|tllight.txt]] | Light Switch | ==== Misc Devices ==== === JFETs === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=jfetcurrentsrc.txt|jfetcurrentsrc.txt]] | JFET Current Source | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=jfetfollower.txt|jfetfollower.txt]] | JFET Follower | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=jfetfollower-nooff.txt|jfetfollower-nooff.txt]] | JFET Follower w/zero offset | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=jfetamp.txt|jfetamp.txt]] | Common-Source Amplifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=volume.txt|volume.txt]] | Volume Control | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=lambda-diode.txt|lambda-diode.txt]] | Lambda Diode | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=lambda-diode-osc.txt|lambda-diode-osc.txt]] | Lambda Diode Oscillator | === Tunnel Diodes === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tdiode.txt|tdiode.txt]] | I/V Curve | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tdosc.txt|tdosc.txt]] | LC Oscillator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tdrelax.txt|tdrelax.txt]] | Relaxation Oscillator | === Memristors === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mr.txt|mr.txt]] | Memristor | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mr-sine.txt|mr-sine.txt]] | Sine Wave | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mr-square.txt|mr-square.txt]] | Square Wave | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mr-triangle.txt|mr-triangle.txt]] | Triangle Wave | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mr-sine2.txt|mr-sine2.txt]] | Hard-Switching 1 | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mr-sine3.txt|mr-sine3.txt]] | Hard-Switching 2 | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=mr-crossbar.txt|mr-crossbar.txt]] | Crossbar Memory | === Triodes === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=triode.txt|triode.txt]] | Triode | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=triodeamp.txt|triodeamp.txt]] | Amplifier | === Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=scr.txt|scr.txt]] | SCR | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=scractrig.txt|scractrig.txt]] | AC Trigger | === Current Conveyor === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cc2.txt|cc2.txt]] | CCII+ | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cc2n.txt|cc2n.txt]] | CCII- | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ccinductor.txt|ccinductor.txt]] | Inductor Simulator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cc2imp.txt|cc2imp.txt]] | CCII+ Implementation | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cc2impn.txt|cc2impn.txt]] | CCII- Implementation | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=cciamp.txt|cciamp.txt]] | Current Amplifier | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ccvccs.txt|ccvccs.txt]] | VCCS | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ccdiff.txt|ccdiff.txt]] | Current Differentiator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ccint.txt|ccint.txt]] | Current Integrator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ccitov.txt|ccitov.txt]] | Current-Controlled Voltage Source | === Spark Gap === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=spark-sawtooth.txt|spark-sawtooth.txt]] | Sawtooth Generator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=tesla.txt|tesla.txt]] | Tesla Coil | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=spark-marx.txt|spark-marx.txt]] | Marx Generator | === Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ota-vca.txt|ota-vca.txt]] | OTA Voltage Controlled Amplifier (VCA) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ota-vcf-single.txt|ota-vcf-single.txt]] | OTA Single Stage VCF (low pass) | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ota-ringmod.txt|ota-ringmod.txt]] | OTA Ring Modulator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ota-gain.txt|ota-gain.txt]] | LM137000 Gain Oddity | === Light Bulb === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=lightbulb.txt|lightbulb.txt]] | Light Bulb | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=wienbridge.txt|wienbridge.txt]] | Wien Bridge Oscillator | === Varactor === | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=varactor.txt|varactor.txt]] | Varactor | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=varactorvco.txt|varactorvco.txt]] | VCO | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ledarray.txt|ledarray.txt]] | LED Array | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=triacdimmer.txt|triacdimmer.txt]] | DIAC/TRIAC Dimmer | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=ujtosc.txt|ujtosc.txt]] | Unijunction Oscillator | | | [[https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?startCircuit=blank.txt|blank.txt]] | Blank Circuit |