$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip
$ python -m pip install -U pip
$ pip list
$ pip list -v
$ pip list --verbose
$ pip freeze
$ pip list -o
$ pip list --outdated
$ pip search Django
$ pip install Django
$ pip install Django==1.4.2
$ pip install --ignore-installed Django
$ pip install -I Django
$ pip install wxpython -I --no-cache-dir
$ pip install --upgrade Django
$ pip install -U Django
$ pip freeze --local | grep -v '^\-e' | cut -d = -f 1 | xargs pip install -U pip
$ pip list --outdated | sed 1,2d | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | xargs --no-run-if-empty pip install --upgrade
$ pip list -o | sed 1,2d | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | xargs -r pip install -U
$ pip uninstall Django
$ pip freeze > requirements.txt $ python -m pip install -U pip $ pip install -r requirements.txt
$ pip freeze > requirements.txt $ pip uninstall -r requirements.txt -y
$ pip freeze | xargs pip uninstall -y
$ pip freeze | grep -v "^-e" | xargs pip uninstall -y $ pip freeze --user | grep -v "^-e" | cut -f 1 -d '=' | xargs pip uninstall -y
$ pip --version
$ pip -V
$ pip
Usage:
pip <command> [options]
Commands:
install Install packages.
download Download packages.
uninstall Uninstall packages.
freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.
inspect Inspect the python environment.
list List installed packages.
show Show information about installed packages.
check Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
config Manage local and global configuration.
search Search PyPI for packages.
cache Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
index Inspect information available from package indexes.
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
hash Compute hashes of package archives.
completion A helper command used for command completion.
debug Show information useful for debugging.
help Show help for commands.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--debug Let unhandled exceptions propagate outside the main subroutine, instead of
logging them to stderr.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user
configuration.
--require-virtualenv Allow pip to only run in a virtual environment; exit with an error otherwise.
--python <python> Run pip with the specified Python interpreter.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times
(corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.
--no-input Disable prompting for input.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form scheme://[user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe,
(b)ackup, (a)bort.
--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have
valid or any HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the
default. See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more
information.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and
the certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is
available for download. Implied with --no-index.
--no-color Suppress colored output.
--no-python-version-warning
Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
--use-feature <feature> Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
--use-deprecated <feature> Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.
$ pip -> Tab キーを押す
pip pip-3.11 pip3.11 pipewire pipewire-avb pip-3 pip3 pipetty pipewire-aes67 pipewire-pulse
$ python -m pip completion --zsh
# pip zsh completion start
function _pip_completion {
local words cword
read -Ac words
read -cn cword
reply=( $( COMP_WORDS="$words[*]" \
COMP_CWORD=$(( cword-1 )) \
PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE=1 $words[1] 2>/dev/null ))
}
compctl -K _pip_completion /usr/bin/python -m pip
# pip zsh completion end
$ python -m pip completion --zsh >> ~/.zprofile $ . ~/.zprofile
$ python -m pip completion --bash
# pip bash completion start
_pip_completion()
{
COMPREPLY=( $( COMP_WORDS="${COMP_WORDS[*]}" \
COMP_CWORD=$COMP_CWORD \
PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE=1 $1 2>/dev/null ) )
}
complete -o default -F _pip_completion /usr/bin/python -m pip
# pip bash completion end
$ python -m pip completion --bash >> ~/.profile $ . ~/.profile
"pip "(pip のあとにスペースを1つ TAB キーを入力) pip のコマンド補完が効くようになる😍\\
zsh の場合\\
┌──(tomoyan WICKED-BEAT)-[~] └─$ pip -> Tab キーを押すcheck -- verify installed packages have compatible dependencies download -- download packages freeze -- output installed packages in requirements format hash -- compute hashes of package archives help -- show available commands install -- install packages list -- list installed packages search -- search PyPI for packages show -- show information about installed packages uninstall -- uninstall packages wheel -- build wheels from your requirements
$ pip -> Tab キーを押す cache completion debug freeze help inspect list show wheel check config download hash index install search uninstall
[notice] A new release of pip available: 22.2.2 -> 23.0.1 [notice] To update, run: pip install --upgrade pip
[お知らせ] pip の新しいリリース: 22.2.2 -> 23.0.1 [お知らせ] 更新するには、次を実行します: pip install --upgrade pip
(pyMusicEnv) $ python -m pip install -U pip
Requirement already satisfied: pip in ./pyMusicEnv/lib64/python3.11/site-packages (22.2.2)
Collecting pip
Using cached pip-23.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB)
Installing collected packages: pip
Attempting uninstall: pip
Found existing installation: pip 22.2.2
Uninstalling pip-22.2.2:
Successfully uninstalled pip-22.2.2
Successfully installed pip-23.0.1
$ pip search pandas
ERROR: XMLRPC request failed [code: -32500] RuntimeError: PyPI no longer supports 'pip search' (or XML-RPC search). Please use https://pypi.org/search (via a browser) instead. See https://warehouse.pypa.io/api-reference/xml-rpc.html#deprecated-methods for more information.
$ pip freeze > requirements.txt
pip install の引数に requirements.txt を指定する。
$ pip install -r requirements.txt
===== パッケージ一覧 =====
==== 古くなっているパッケージを表示 ====
$ pip list -o
Package Version Latest Type
----------------- --------- --------- -----
anyio 3.2.1 3.3.4 wheel
argon2-cffi 20.1.0 21.1.0 wheel
bleach 3.3.0 4.1.0 wheel
certifi 2021.5.30 2021.10.8 wheel
cffi 1.14.5 1.15.0 wheel
debugpy 1.3.0 1.5.0 wheel
decorator 5.0.9 5.1.0 wheel
GitPython 3.1.18 3.1.24 wheel
idna 2.10 3.3 wheel
ipykernel 6.0.1 6.4.1 wheel
ipython 7.25.0 7.28.0 wheel
Jinja2 3.0.1 3.0.2 wheel
jsonschema 3.2.0 4.1.0 wheel
jupyter-client 6.1.12 7.0.6 wheel
jupyter-core 4.7.1 4.8.1 wheel
jupyter-server 1.9.0 1.11.1 wheel
jupyterlab 3.0.16 3.2.0 wheel
jupyterlab-git 0.30.1 0.33.0 wheel
jupyterlab-server 2.6.0 2.8.2 wheel
kiwisolver 1.3.1 1.3.2 wheel
matplotlib 3.4.2 3.4.3 wheel
matplotlib-inline 0.1.2 0.1.3 wheel
nbclassic 0.3.1 0.3.2 wheel
nbclient 0.5.3 0.5.4 wheel
nbconvert 6.1.0 6.2.0 wheel
notebook 6.4.0 6.4.4 wheel
numpy 1.21.0 1.21.2 wheel
pandas 1.3.0 1.3.3 wheel
pandocfilters 1.4.3 1.5.0 wheel
Pillow 8.3.0 8.4.0 wheel
prompt-toolkit 3.0.19 3.0.20 wheel
Pygments 2.9.0 2.10.0 wheel
pyopencl 2021.2.6 2021.2.8 wheel
python-dateutil 2.8.1 2.8.2 wheel
pytools 2021.2.7 2021.2.8 sdist
pytz 2021.1 2021.3 wheel
pyzmq 22.1.0 22.3.0 wheel
requests 2.25.1 2.26.0 wheel
Send2Trash 1.7.1 1.8.0 wheel
setuptools 53.0.0 58.2.0 wheel
smmap 4.0.0 5.0.0 wheel
terminado 0.10.1 0.12.1 wheel
traitlets 5.0.5 5.1.0 wheel
urllib3 1.26.6 1.26.7 wheel
voila 0.2.10 0.2.16 wheel
websocket-client 1.1.0 1.2.1 wheel
$ python -m site
sys.path = [
'/home/tomoyan',
'/usr/lib64/python311.zip',
'/usr/lib64/python3.11',
'/usr/lib64/python3.11/lib-dynload',
'/home/tomoyan/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages',
'/usr/lib64/python3.11/site-packages',
'/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages',
]
USER_BASE: '/home/tomoyan/.local' (exists)
USER_SITE: '/home/tomoyan/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages' (exists)
ENABLE_USER_SITE: True
$ python -c "import site; print('\n'.join(site.getsitepackages()))"
python3 を実行する🤔\\
$ python3 -c "import site; print('\n'.join(site.getsitepackages()))"
/usr/local/lib64/python3.11/site-packages
/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages
/usr/lib64/python3.11/site-packages
/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
/usr/lib/python3.7/dist-packages
$ pip show mercurial
Name: mercurial
Version: 5.6.1
Summary: Fast scalable distributed SCM (revision control, version control) system
Home-page: https://mercurial-scm.org/
Author: Matt Mackall and many others
Author-email: mercurial@mercurial-scm.org
License: GNU GPLv2 or any later version
Location: /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages
Requires:
Required-by:
--no-cache-dir オプションでキャッシュを利用しなくなる。\\
$ pip install django --no-cache-dir
==== Linux ====
~/.cache/pip
$ pip3 cache info
Package index page cache location: /home/tomoyan/.cache/pip/http Package index page cache size: 905.6 MB Number of HTTP files: 976 Locally built wheels location: /home/tomoyan/.cache/pip/wheels Locally built wheels size: 482 kB Number of locally built wheels: 4
~/Library/Caches/pip
==== Windows ====
%LocalAppData%\pip\Cache
===== pip パッケージを使った HTTP URL ダウンローダーの作り方 =====
pip 19.2.2 で動作を確認した。\\
以下は pip パッケージを利用した HTTP URL のダウンローダーのコードである。\\
この **download_http_url()** 関数を利用すれば、パッケージではない様々なファイルを pip と同様に進行状況を表示しながらダウンロードする事ができる。\\
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cgi
import mimetypes
import os
from pip._internal.download import PipSession
from pip._internal.models.link import Link
from pip._vendor.requests.models import CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE
from pip._internal.utils.misc import splitext, consume, format_size
from pip._internal.utils.ui import DownloadProgressProvider
from pip._vendor import requests
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def download_http_url(
url, # type: str
download_dir, # type: str
hashes=None, # type: Optional[Hashes]
progress_bar='on' # type: str
):
logger.debug('download_http_url("%s", "%s")', url, download_dir)
link = Link(url)
session = PipSession()
def _download_url(
resp, # type: Response
link, # type: Link
content_file, # type: IO
hashes, # type: Optional[Hashes]
progress_bar # type: str
):
# type: (...) -> None
try:
total_length = int(resp.headers['content-length'])
except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):
total_length = 0
cached_resp = getattr(resp, 'from_cache', False)
if cached_resp:
show_progress = False
elif total_length > (40 * 1000):
show_progress = True
elif not total_length:
show_progress = True
else:
show_progress = False
def resp_read(chunk_size):
try:
# Special case for urllib3.
for chunk in resp.raw.stream(
chunk_size,
decode_content=False):
yield chunk
except AttributeError:
# Standard file-like object.
while True:
chunk = resp.raw.read(chunk_size)
if not chunk:
break
yield chunk
def written_chunks(chunks):
for chunk in chunks:
content_file.write(chunk)
yield chunk
def _progress_indicator(iterable, *args, **kwargs):
return iterable
progress_indicator = _progress_indicator
if show_progress: # We don't show progress on cached responses
progress_indicator = DownloadProgressProvider(progress_bar,
max=total_length)
if total_length:
print('Downloading {} ({})'.format(url, format_size(total_length)))
else:
print(f'Downloading {link.url}')
elif cached_resp:
print(f'Using cached {link.url}')
else:
print(f'Downloading {link.url}')
print(f'Downloading from URL {link}')
downloaded_chunks = written_chunks(
progress_indicator(
resp_read(CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE),
CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE
)
)
if hashes:
hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
else:
consume(downloaded_chunks)
# type: (...) -> Tuple[str, str]
"""Download link url into temp_dir using provided session"""
target_url = link.url.split('#', 1)[0]
try:
resp = session.get(
target_url,
headers={"Accept-Encoding": "identity"},
stream=True,
)
resp.raise_for_status()
except requests.HTTPError as exc:
print('HTTP error {} while getting {}'.format(exc.response.status_code, link))
raise
content_type = resp.headers.get('content-type', '')
filename = link.filename # fallback
# Have a look at the Content-Disposition header for a better guess
content_disposition = resp.headers.get('content-disposition')
if content_disposition:
# type: (str, str) -> str
def sanitize_content_filename(filename):
# type: (str) -> str
"""
Sanitize the "filename" value from a Content-Disposition header.
"""
return os.path.basename(filename)
"""
Parse the "filename" value from a Content-Disposition header, and
return the default filename if the result is empty.
"""
_type, params = cgi.parse_header(content_disposition)
filename = params.get('filename')
if filename:
# We need to sanitize the filename to prevent directory traversal
# in case the filename contains ".." path parts.
filename = sanitize_content_filename(filename)
ext = splitext(filename)[1] # type: Optional[str]
if not ext:
ext = mimetypes.guess_extension(content_type)
if ext:
filename += ext
if not ext and link.url != resp.url:
ext = os.path.splitext(resp.url)[1]
if ext:
filename += ext
file_path = os.path.join(download_dir, filename)
with open(file_path, 'wb') as content_file:
_download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
return file_path, content_type
> python main.py
Downloading https://download.visualstudio.microsoft.com/download/pr/7b196ac4-65a9-4fde-b720-09b5339dbaba/78df39539625fa4e6c781c6a2aca7b4f/vs_community.exe (1.3MB)
Downloading from URL https://download.visualstudio.microsoft.com/download/pr/7b196ac4-65a9-4fde-b720-09b5339dbaba/78df39539625fa4e6c781c6a2aca7b4f/vs_community.exe
|████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 3.3MB/s
$ . pyJupyterLab/bin/activate (pyJupyterLab) $ pip install -U jupyterlab
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/tomoyan/pyJupyterLab/bin/pip", line 5, in <module>
from pip._internal.cli.main import main
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pip'
(pyJupyterLab) $ curl -sS https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python
Collecting pip
Downloading pip-22.1-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2.1/2.1 MB 3.1 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting setuptools
Downloading setuptools-62.3.2-py3-none-any.whl (1.2 MB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1.2/1.2 MB 11.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting wheel
Downloading wheel-0.37.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kB)
Installing collected packages: wheel, setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-22.1 setuptools-62.3.2 wheel-0.37.1
ensurepip を実行する。\\
公式: [[https://packaging.python.org/ja/latest/tutorials/installing-packages/#ensure-you-can-run-pip-from-the-command-line|コマンドラインから pip を実行できることを確実にする - パッケージをインストールする — Python Packaging User Guide]]\\
(pyJupyterLab) $ python3 -m ensurepip --default-pip
(pyJupyterLab) $ pip
Usage:
pip <command> [options]
Commands:
install Install packages.
download Download packages.
uninstall Uninstall packages.
freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.
inspect Inspect the python environment.
list List installed packages.
show Show information about installed packages.
check Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
config Manage local and global configuration.
search Search PyPI for packages.
cache Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
index Inspect information available from package indexes.
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
hash Compute hashes of package archives.
completion A helper command used for command completion.
debug Show information useful for debugging.
help Show help for commands.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--debug Let unhandled exceptions propagate outside the main subroutine, instead of
logging them to stderr.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user
configuration.
--require-virtualenv Allow pip to only run in a virtual environment; exit with an error otherwise.
--python <python> Run pip with the specified Python interpreter.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times
(corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.
--no-input Disable prompting for input.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form scheme://[user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe,
(b)ackup, (a)bort.
--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have
valid or any HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the default.
See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more information.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and
the certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is
available for download. Implied with --no-index.
--no-color Suppress colored output.
--no-python-version-warning
Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
--use-feature <feature> Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
--use-deprecated <feature> Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.
$ python3 -m pip list -o
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 143, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/list.py", line 138, in run
packages = self.get_outdated(packages, options)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/list.py", line 149, in get_outdated
dist for dist in self.iter_packages_latest_infos(packages, options)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/list.py", line 150, in <listcomp>
if dist.latest_version > dist.parsed_version
TypeError: '>' not supported between instances of 'Version' and 'Version'
$ python3 -m pip -V
pip 18.1 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip (python 3.7)
$ python3 -m pip list -v
Package Version Location Installer
---------- ------- ------------------------------ ---------
pip 18.1 /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
setuptools 40.8.0 /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
$ python3 -m pip install -U pip
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple
Collecting pip
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cd/6f/43037c7bcc8bd8ba7c9074256b1a11596daa15555808ec748048c1507f08/pip-21.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.6MB 34kB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Successfully installed pip-21.1.1
$ python3 -m pip install -U pip
Package Version Latest Type
---------- ------- ------ -----
setuptools 40.8.0 56.2.0 wheel
$ python3 -m pip list -v
Package Version Location Installer
---------- ------- ------------------------------------------------ ---------
pip 21.1.1 /home/tomoyan/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages pip
setuptools 40.8.0 /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
(py3_venv) $ pip -V
pip 18.1 from /home/tomoyan/py3_venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)
(py3_venv) $ python -m pip install -U pip
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple
Collecting pip
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cd/6f/43037c7bcc8bd8ba7c9074256b1a11596daa15555808ec748048c1507f08/pip-21.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.6MB 40kB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Found existing installation: pip 18.1
Uninstalling pip-18.1:
Successfully uninstalled pip-18.1
Successfully installed pip-21.1.1
(py3_venv) $ pip -V
pip 21.1.1 from /home/tomoyan/py3_venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)
$ pip list -o
Package Version Latest Type ---------- -------- --------- ----- Django 3.2.1 3.2.3 wheel pytz 2020.4 2021.1 wheel setuptools 40.8.0 56.2.0 wheel supervisor 4.2.1 4.2.2 wheel youtube-dl 2021.1.8 2021.4.26 wheel
$ pip -V
WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will fail in a future version of pip. Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on fixing the underlying issue. To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of running pip directly. pip 24.0 from /home/tomoyan/.local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip (python 3.12)
警告: pip は古いスクリプト ラッパーによって呼び出されています。これは、pip の将来のバージョンでは失敗します。 根本的な問題を修正するためのアドバイスについては、https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 を参照してください。 この問題を回避するには、pip を直接実行する代わりに、「-m pip」を使用して Python を呼び出すことができます。 /home/tomoyan/.local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip からの pip 24.0 (Python 3.12)
$ python -m pip -V
pip 24.0 from /home/tomoyan/.local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip (python 3.12)
$ which pip && python -s -m pip -V && python -m pip -V && echo '---- ✂ ----' && echo $PATH | grep :
/usr/local/bin/pip pip 23.2.1 from /usr/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip (python 3.12) pip 24.0 from /home/tomoyan/.local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip (python 3.12) ---- ✂ ---- /home/tomoyan/miniforge3/condabin:/home/tomoyan/micromamba/bin:/home/tomoyan/.cargo/bin:/home/tomoyan/.anyenv/envs/nodenv/shims:/home/tomoyan/.anyenv/envs/nodenv/bin:/home/tomoyan/.anyenv/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/tomoyan/.local/bin:/home/tomoyan/.local/bin