pip - Python パッケージ管理システム

$ pip

Usage:
  pip <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  config                      Manage local and global configuration.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  cache                       Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  debug                       Show information useful for debugging.
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user
                              configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times
                              (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --no-input                  Disable prompting for input.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5
                              times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore,
                              (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not
                              have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides
                              the default. See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation
                              for more information.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private
                              key and the certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of
                              pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output.
  --no-python-version-warning
                              Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
  --use-feature <feature>     Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
  --use-deprecated <feature>  Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.

$ pip search pandas

$ pip list -o

$ python3 -c "import site; print('\n'.join(site.getsitepackages()))"

/usr/local/lib64/python3.9/site-packages
/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages
/usr/lib64/python3.9/site-packages
/usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages

/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
/usr/lib/python3.7/dist-packages

$ pip show mercurial

Name: mercurial
Version: 5.6.1
Summary: Fast scalable distributed SCM (revision control, version control) system
Home-page: https://mercurial-scm.org/
Author: Matt Mackall and many others
Author-email: mercurial@mercurial-scm.org
License: GNU GPLv2 or any later version
Location: /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages
Requires:
Required-by:

pip_downloader.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cgi
import mimetypes
import os
 
from pip._internal.download import PipSession
from pip._internal.models.link import Link
from pip._vendor.requests.models import CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE
from pip._internal.utils.misc import splitext, consume, format_size
from pip._internal.utils.ui import DownloadProgressProvider
from pip._vendor import requests
 
import logging
 
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
def download_http_url(
    url,  # type: str
    download_dir,  # type: str
    hashes=None,   # type: Optional[Hashes]
    progress_bar='on'   # type: str
):
    logger.debug('download_http_url("%s", "%s")', url, download_dir)
    link = Link(url)
    session = PipSession()
 
    def _download_url(
        resp,  # type: Response
        link,  # type: Link
        content_file,  # type: IO
        hashes,  # type: Optional[Hashes]
        progress_bar  # type: str
    ):
        # type: (...) -> None
        try:
            total_length = int(resp.headers['content-length'])
        except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):
            total_length = 0
 
        cached_resp = getattr(resp, 'from_cache', False)
        if cached_resp:
            show_progress = False
        elif total_length > (40 * 1000):
            show_progress = True
        elif not total_length:
            show_progress = True
        else:
            show_progress = False
 
        def resp_read(chunk_size):
            try:
                # Special case for urllib3.
                for chunk in resp.raw.stream(
                        chunk_size,
                        decode_content=False):
                    yield chunk
            except AttributeError:
                # Standard file-like object.
                while True:
                    chunk = resp.raw.read(chunk_size)
                    if not chunk:
                        break
                    yield chunk
 
        def written_chunks(chunks):
            for chunk in chunks:
                content_file.write(chunk)
                yield chunk
 
        def _progress_indicator(iterable, *args, **kwargs):
            return iterable
 
        progress_indicator = _progress_indicator
 
        if show_progress:  # We don't show progress on cached responses
            progress_indicator = DownloadProgressProvider(progress_bar,
                                                            max=total_length)
            if total_length:
                print('Downloading {} ({})'.format(url, format_size(total_length)))
            else:
                print(f'Downloading {link.url}')
        elif cached_resp:
            print(f'Using cached {link.url}')
        else:
            print(f'Downloading {link.url}')
 
        print(f'Downloading from URL {link}')
 
        downloaded_chunks = written_chunks(
            progress_indicator(
                resp_read(CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE),
                CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE
            )
        )
        if hashes:
            hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
        else:
            consume(downloaded_chunks)
 
    # type: (...) -> Tuple[str, str]
    """Download link url into temp_dir using provided session"""
    target_url = link.url.split('#', 1)[0]
    try:
        resp = session.get(
            target_url,
            headers={"Accept-Encoding": "identity"},
            stream=True,
        )
        resp.raise_for_status()
    except requests.HTTPError as exc:
        print('HTTP error {} while getting {}'.format(exc.response.status_code, link))
        raise
 
    content_type = resp.headers.get('content-type', '')
    filename = link.filename  # fallback
    # Have a look at the Content-Disposition header for a better guess
    content_disposition = resp.headers.get('content-disposition')
    if content_disposition:
        # type: (str, str) -> str
        def sanitize_content_filename(filename):
            # type: (str) -> str
            """
            Sanitize the "filename" value from a Content-Disposition header.
            """
            return os.path.basename(filename)
 
        """
        Parse the "filename" value from a Content-Disposition header, and
        return the default filename if the result is empty.
        """
        _type, params = cgi.parse_header(content_disposition)
        filename = params.get('filename')
        if filename:
            # We need to sanitize the filename to prevent directory traversal
            # in case the filename contains ".." path parts.
            filename = sanitize_content_filename(filename)
 
    ext = splitext(filename)[1]  # type: Optional[str]
    if not ext:
        ext = mimetypes.guess_extension(content_type)
        if ext:
            filename += ext
    if not ext and link.url != resp.url:
        ext = os.path.splitext(resp.url)[1]
        if ext:
            filename += ext
    file_path = os.path.join(download_dir, filename)
    with open(file_path, 'wb') as content_file:
        _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
    return file_path, content_type

main.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
## -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
# pip_downloader.py をインポートする
import pip_downloader
 
# メイン処理
def main():
    pip_downloader.download_http_url(
        'https://download.visualstudio.microsoft.com/download/pr/7b196ac4-65a9-4fde-b720-09b5339dbaba/78df39539625fa4e6c781c6a2aca7b4f/vs_community.exe',
        os.environ['USERPROFILE']
    )
 
# スクリプト起動時に main() を実行
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

> python main.py
Downloading https://download.visualstudio.microsoft.com/download/pr/7b196ac4-65a9-4fde-b720-09b5339dbaba/78df39539625fa4e6c781c6a2aca7b4f/vs_community.exe (1.3MB)
Downloading from URL https://download.visualstudio.microsoft.com/download/pr/7b196ac4-65a9-4fde-b720-09b5339dbaba/78df39539625fa4e6c781c6a2aca7b4f/vs_community.exe
   |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 3.3MB/s

$ python3 -m pip install -U pip
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple
Collecting pip
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cd/6f/43037c7bcc8bd8ba7c9074256b1a11596daa15555808ec748048c1507f08/pip-21.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.6MB 34kB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Successfully installed pip-21.1.1

$ python3 -m pip list -o
Package    Version Latest Type
---------- ------- ------ -----
setuptools 40.8.0  56.2.0 wheel

$ python3 -m pip list -v
Package    Version Location                                         Installer
---------- ------- ------------------------------------------------ ---------
pip        21.1.1  /home/tomoyan/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages pip
setuptools 40.8.0  /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages

(py3_venv) $ python -m pip install -U pip
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple
Collecting pip
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cd/6f/43037c7bcc8bd8ba7c9074256b1a11596daa15555808ec748048c1507f08/pip-21.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.6MB 40kB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 18.1
    Uninstalling pip-18.1:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-18.1
Successfully installed pip-21.1.1

$ pip3 -V

WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will fail in a future version of pip.
Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on fixing the underlying issue.
To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of running pip directly.
pip 21.1.1 from /home/pi/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

警告: pip は古いスクリプトラッパーによって呼び出されています。これは、pip の将来のバージョンでは失敗します。
根本的な問題を修正するためのアドバイスについては、https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 を参照してください。
この問題を回避するには、pipを直接実行する代わりに、「-m pip」を使用して Python を呼び出すことができます。
/home/pi/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip からの pip21.1.1 (python 3.7)

$ python3 -m pip -V