argparse

args_sample.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import argparse
 
def parse_args():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument('target_dir', help='target dir.', type=str)
    parser.add_argument('--exclude', help='exclude directory or file.', type=str)
    return parser.parse_args()
 
def main():
    args = parse_args()
    target_dir = args.target_dir
    exclude_dir = args.exclude
 
    print(f'target_dir: {target_dir}')
    print(f'exclude_dir: {exclude_dir}')
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

$ python args_sample.py
usage: args_sample.py [-h] [--exclude EXCLUDE] target_dir
args_sample.py: error: the following arguments are required: target_dir

$ python args_sample.py -h
usage: args_sample.py [-h] [--exclude EXCLUDE] target_dir

positional arguments:
  target_dir         target dir.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help         show this help message and exit
  --exclude EXCLUDE  exclude dir.

Argparse チュートリアル — Python 3.8.1 ドキュメント