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文書の過去の版を表示しています。
IPython のインストール
Linux
$ pip3 install ipython
Windows
> pip install ipython
Collecting ipython
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/2c/c7d44277b599df35af734d8f4142d501192fdb7aef5d04daf882d7eccfbc/ipython
-7.6.1-py3-none-any.whl (774kB)
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Collecting prompt-toolkit<2.1.0,>=2.0.0 (from ipython)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f7/a7/9b1dd14ef45345f186ef69d175bdd2491c40ab1dfa4b2b3e4352df719ed7/prompt_
toolkit-2.0.9-py3-none-any.whl (337kB)
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Collecting pygments (from ipython)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5c/73/1dfa428150e3ccb0fa3e68db406e5be48698f2a979ccbcec795f28f44048/Pygment
s-2.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (883kB)
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Collecting decorator (from ipython)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5f/88/0075e461560a1e750a0dcbf77f1d9de775028c37a19a346a6c565a257399/decorat
or-4.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting backcall (from ipython)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/84/71/c8ca4f5bb1e08401b916c68003acf0a0655df935d74d93bf3f3364b310e0/backcal
l-0.1.0.tar.gz
Collecting jedi>=0.10 (from ipython)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4e/06/e906725a5b3ad7996bbdbfe9958aab75db64ef84bbaabefe47574de58865/jedi-0.
14.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.0MB)
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Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=18.5 in c:\python37\lib\site-packages (from ipython) (40.8.0)
Collecting pickleshare (from ipython)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9a/41/220f49aaea88bc6fa6cba8d05ecf24676326156c23b991e80b3f2fc24c77/pickles
hare-0.7.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting colorama; sys_platform == "win32" (from ipython)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4f/a6/728666f39bfff1719fc94c481890b2106837da9318031f71a8424b662e12/coloram
a-0.4.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting traitlets>=4.2 (from ipython)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/93/d6/abcb22de61d78e2fc3959c964628a5771e47e7cc60d53e9342e21ed6cc9a/traitle
ts-4.3.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (74kB)
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Collecting six>=1.9.0 (from prompt-toolkit<2.1.0,>=2.0.0->ipython)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/73/fb/00a976f728d0d1fecfe898238ce23f502a721c0ac0ecfedb80e0d88c64e9/six-1.1
2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting wcwidth (from prompt-toolkit<2.1.0,>=2.0.0->ipython)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7e/9f/526a6947247599b084ee5232e4f9190a38f398d7300d866af3ab571a5bfe/wcwidth
-0.1.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting parso>=0.5.0 (from jedi>=0.10->ipython)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a3/bd/bf4e5bd01d79906e5b945a7af033154da49fd2b0d5b5c705a21330323305/parso-0
.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (95kB)
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Collecting ipython-genutils (from traitlets>=4.2->ipython)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/bc/9bd3b5c2b4774d5f33b2d544f1460be9df7df2fe42f352135381c347c69a/ipython
_genutils-0.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: six, wcwidth, prompt-toolkit, pygments, decorator, backcall, parso, jedi, pickleshare, colorama,
ipython-genutils, traitlets, ipython
Running setup.py install for backcall ... done
Successfully installed backcall-0.1.0 colorama-0.4.1 decorator-4.4.0 ipython-7.6.1 ipython-genutils-0.2.0 jedi-0.14.1 parso-0.5.
1 pickleshare-0.7.5 prompt-toolkit-2.0.9 pygments-2.4.2 six-1.12.0 traitlets-4.3.2 wcwidth-0.1.7
ipython の動作確認
Linux
$ ipython
Windows
> ipython
Python 3.7.4 (tags/v3.7.4:e09359112e, Jul 8 2019, 20:34:20) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.6.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: ?
IPython -- An enhanced Interactive Python
=========================================
IPython offers a fully compatible replacement for the standard Python
interpreter, with convenient shell features, special commands, command
history mechanism and output results caching.
At your system command line, type 'ipython -h' to see the command line
options available. This document only describes interactive features.
GETTING HELP
------------
Within IPython you have various way to access help:
? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features (this screen).
object? -> Details about 'object'.
object?? -> More detailed, verbose information about 'object'.
%quickref -> Quick reference of all IPython specific syntax and magics.
help -> Access Python's own help system.
If you are in terminal IPython you can quit this screen by pressing `q`.
MAIN FEATURES
-------------
* Access to the standard Python help with object docstrings and the Python
manuals. Simply type 'help' (no quotes) to invoke it.
* Magic commands: type %magic for information on the magic subsystem.
* System command aliases, via the %alias command or the configuration file(s).
* Dynamic object information:
Typing ?word or word? prints detailed information about an object. Certain
long strings (code, etc.) get snipped in the center for brevity.
Typing ??word or word?? gives access to the full information without
snipping long strings. Strings that are longer than the screen are printed
through the less pager.
The ?/?? system gives access to the full source code for any object (if
available), shows function prototypes and other useful information.
If you just want to see an object's docstring, type '%pdoc object' (without
quotes, and without % if you have automagic on).
* Tab completion in the local namespace:
At any time, hitting tab will complete any available python commands or
variable names, and show you a list of the possible completions if there's
no unambiguous one. It will also complete filenames in the current directory.
* Search previous command history in multiple ways:
- Start typing, and then use arrow keys up/down or (Ctrl-p/Ctrl-n) to search
through the history items that match what you've typed so far.
- Hit Ctrl-r: opens a search prompt. Begin typing and the system searches
your history for lines that match what you've typed so far, completing as
much as it can.
- %hist: search history by index.
* Persistent command history across sessions.
* Logging of input with the ability to save and restore a working session.
* System shell with !. Typing !ls will run 'ls' in the current directory.
* The reload command does a 'deep' reload of a module: changes made to the
module since you imported will actually be available without having to exit.
* Verbose and colored exception traceback printouts. See the magic xmode and
xcolor functions for details (just type %magic).
* Input caching system:
IPython offers numbered prompts (In/Out) with input and output caching. All
input is saved and can be retrieved as variables (besides the usual arrow
key recall).
The following GLOBAL variables always exist (so don't overwrite them!):
_i: stores previous input.
_ii: next previous.
_iii: next-next previous.
_ih : a list of all input _ih[n] is the input from line n.
Additionally, global variables named _i<n> are dynamically created (<n>
being the prompt counter), such that _i<n> == _ih[<n>]
For example, what you typed at prompt 14 is available as _i14 and _ih[14].
You can create macros which contain multiple input lines from this history,
for later re-execution, with the %macro function.
The history function %hist allows you to see any part of your input history
by printing a range of the _i variables. Note that inputs which contain
magic functions (%) appear in the history with a prepended comment. This is
because they aren't really valid Python code, so you can't exec them.
* Output caching system:
For output that is returned from actions, a system similar to the input
cache exists but using _ instead of _i. Only actions that produce a result
(NOT assignments, for example) are cached. If you are familiar with
Mathematica, IPython's _ variables behave exactly like Mathematica's %
variables.
The following GLOBAL variables always exist (so don't overwrite them!):
_ (one underscore): previous output.
__ (two underscores): next previous.
___ (three underscores): next-next previous.
Global variables named _<n> are dynamically created (<n> being the prompt
counter), such that the result of output <n> is always available as _<n>.
Finally, a global dictionary named _oh exists with entries for all lines
which generated output.
* Directory history:
Your history of visited directories is kept in the global list _dh, and the
magic %cd command can be used to go to any entry in that list.
* Auto-parentheses and auto-quotes (adapted from Nathan Gray's LazyPython)
1. Auto-parentheses
Callable objects (i.e. functions, methods, etc) can be invoked like
this (notice the commas between the arguments)::
In [1]: callable_ob arg1, arg2, arg3
and the input will be translated to this::
callable_ob(arg1, arg2, arg3)
This feature is off by default (in rare cases it can produce
undesirable side-effects), but you can activate it at the command-line
by starting IPython with `--autocall 1`, set it permanently in your
configuration file, or turn on at runtime with `%autocall 1`.
You can force auto-parentheses by using '/' as the first character
of a line. For example::
In [1]: /globals # becomes 'globals()'
Note that the '/' MUST be the first character on the line! This
won't work::
In [2]: print /globals # syntax error
In most cases the automatic algorithm should work, so you should
rarely need to explicitly invoke /. One notable exception is if you
are trying to call a function with a list of tuples as arguments (the
parenthesis will confuse IPython)::
In [1]: zip (1,2,3),(4,5,6) # won't work
but this will work::
In [2]: /zip (1,2,3),(4,5,6)
------> zip ((1,2,3),(4,5,6))
Out[2]= [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
IPython tells you that it has altered your command line by
displaying the new command line preceded by -->. e.g.::
In [18]: callable list
-------> callable (list)
2. Auto-Quoting
You can force auto-quoting of a function's arguments by using ',' as
the first character of a line. For example::
In [1]: ,my_function /home/me # becomes my_function("/home/me")
If you use ';' instead, the whole argument is quoted as a single
string (while ',' splits on whitespace)::
In [2]: ,my_function a b c # becomes my_function("a","b","c")
In [3]: ;my_function a b c # becomes my_function("a b c")
Note that the ',' MUST be the first character on the line! This
won't work::
In [4]: x = ,my_function /home/me # syntax error
In [2]:
